Inferring the Distribution of Selective Effects from a Time Inhomogeneous Model

We have developed a Poisson random field model for estimating the distribution of selective effects of newly arisen nonsynonymous mutations that could be observed as polymorphism or divergence in samples of two related species under the assumption that the two species populations are not at mutation-selection-drift equilibrium. The model is applied to 91Drosophila genes by comparing levels of polymorphism in an African population of D. melanogaster with divergence to a reference strain of D. simulans. Based on the difference of gene expression level between testes and ovaries, the 91 genes were classified as 33 male-biased, 28 female-biased, and 30 sex-unbiased genes. Under a Bayesian framework, Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations are implemented to the model in which the distribution of selective effects is assumed to be Gaussian with a mean that may differ from one gene to the other to sample key parameters. Based on our estimates, the majority of newly-arisen nonsynonymous mutations that could contribute to polymorphism or divergence in Drosophila species are mildly deleterious with a mean scaled selection coefficient of -2.81, while almost 86% of the fixed differences between species are driven by positive selection. There are only 16.6% of the nonsynonymous mutations observed in sex-unbiased genes that are under positive selection in comparison to 30% of male-biased and 46% of female-biased genes that are beneficial. We also estimated that D. melanogaster and D. simulans may have diverged 1.72 million years ago

Economic Growth and Human Development in China

human development, poverty, empowerment

Poverty Alleviation in China: Commitment, Policy and Expenditures

human development, poverty, empowerment

Environmental Effects On Drosophila Brain Development And Learning

Brain development and behavior are sensitive to a variety of environmental influences including social interactions and physicochemical stressors. Sensory input in situ is a mosaic of both enrichment and stress, yet little is known about how multiple environmental factors interact to affect brain anatomical structures, circuits and cognitive function. In this study, we addressed these issues by testing the individual and combined effects of sub-adult thermal stress, larval density and early-adult living spatial enrichment on brain anatomy and olfactory associative learning in adult Drosophila melanogaster. In response to heat stress, the mushroom bodies (MBs) were the most volumetrically impaired among all of the brain structures, an effect highly correlated with reduced odor learning performance. However, MBs were not sensitive to either larval culture density or early-adult living conditions. Extreme larval crowding reduced the volume of the antennal lobes, optic lobes and central complex. Neither larval crowding nor early-adult spatial enrichment affected olfactory learning. These results illustrate that various brain structures react differently to environmental inputs, and that MB development and learning are highly sensitive to certain stressors (pre-adult hyperthermia) and resistant to others (larval crowding). © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

REAL-TIME SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR FLYING HEIGHT MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN HARD DRIVES SUBJECT TO SHOCK AND VIBRATION

Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/829 on 10.04.2017 by CS (TIS)Three readback signal detection methods are investigated for real-time flying height or head disk spacing variation measurement under vibration conditions. This is carried out by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental study. The first method (amplitude detection) provides a simple way to study the head disk spacing change. The second method ( PW50 parameter estimation) can be used effectively for real-time spacing variation measurement in normally operated hard disk drives, primarily in low frequency spacing variation conditions. The third method (thermal signal detection), on the other hand, is more effective and suitable for high frequency spacing variation measurement. By combining the PW50 estimation and thermal signal detection methods, a noval spacing variation detection method for the whole frequency range is constructed. This combined signal detection method not only has been used to study the head disk spacing variation itself, but also has the potential of being used for real time flying height control. Analytical models are developed for head disk assembly and head position servo control mechanisms to analyse the operation failure of hard disk drives under vibration conditions. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show their good agreement with experimental results. A novel active flying height control method is proposed to suppress the flying height or head-disk spacing variation in hard disk drives under vibration conditions. Simulation results show that this active flying height control can effectively suppress the head-disk spacing variation, therefore the performance and reliability of HDDs can be well improved when working in vibration conditions: The method has a good potential to be applied to future ruggedized hard disk drives

Globalization, Consumption and Human Development in China

human development, consumption, globalization

Biological and Practical Implications of Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia Using Bayesian Variable Selection

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 loci associated with schizophrenia. Most of these studies test genetic variants for association one at a time. In this study, we performed GWAS of the molecular genetics of schizophrenia (MGS) dataset with 5334 subjects using multivariate Bayesian variable selection (BVS) method Posterior Inference via Model Averaging and Subset Selection (piMASS) and compared our results with the previous univariate analysis of the MGS dataset. We showed that piMASS can improve the power of detecting schizophrenia-associated SNPs, potentially leading to new discoveries from existing data without increasing the sample size. We tested SNPs in groups to allow for local additive effects and used permutation test to determine statistical significance in order to compare our results with univariate method. The previous univariate analysis of the MGS dataset revealed no genome-wide significant loci. Using the same dataset, we identified a single region that exceeded the genome-wide significance. The result was replicated using an independent Swedish Schizophrenia Case–Control Study (SSCCS) dataset. Based on the SZGR 2.0 database we found 63 SNPs from the best performing regions that are mapped to 27 genes known to be associated with schizophrenia. Overall, we demonstrated that piMASS could discover association signals that otherwise would need a much larger sample size. Our study has important implication that reanalyzing published datasets with BVS methods like piMASS might have more power to discover new risk variants for many diseases without new sample collection, ascertainment, and genotyping

PENGUJIAN WEBSITE ACC.CO.ID REVAMP MENGGUNAKAN METODE BLACK BOX TESTING

Website adalah salah satu media online yang menjadi wadah bagi perusahaan untuk menciptakan cara-cara inovatif dalam melakukan bisnis, tak terkecuali PT. Astra Credit Companies yang mengembangkan ulang Acc.co.id untuk meningkatkan pelayanannya kepada customer. Oleh karena itu, pengujian terhadap website ini perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas website sesuai dengan requirement pengembangan. Pengujian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode black box testing berbasis equivalence partitioning. Pengujian fungsionalitas website dilakukan pada 15 fungsi pada website. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan teknik pengujian manual dan otomatis menggunakan tool Katalon Studio. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dijalankan, terdapat perbedaan antara pengujian manual dan otomatis dalam implementasinya. Dari segi waktu, pengujian manual berjalan lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pengujian otomatis dengan persentase rata-rata waktu pengujian sebesar 55%. Selain itu, ditemukan dua bug dari 15 fungsi yang dijalankan yaitu pada fungsi pengajuan simulasi kredit dan pengajuan produk syariah mobil baru yang disebabkan terdapat ketidaksesuaian dengan user requirement yang dibuat

KONTRIBUSI PROBLEM FOCUSED COPING TERHADAP QUARTER LIFE CRISIS MAHASISWA ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Quarter-life crisis menjadi permasalahan yang dialami oleh mahasiswa dewasa awal dengan usia 20-an tahun. Mahasiswa dalam perkembangannya diharapkan siap dalam menghadapi perubahan dan tantangan di masa transisi menuju dunia kerja(Fadhilah et al., 2022; Widick et al., 1978) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi problem-focused coping terhadap tingkat quarter-life crisis pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir. Data diperoleh dari sampel sebanyak 40 mahasiswa tingkat akhir pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling program studi ilmu keolahragaan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner untuk mengukur problem-focused coping dan quarter-life crisis. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasional dengan teknik bivariate correlations. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa problem-focused coping dari konsep (Aldwin & Revenson, 1987) memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam mereduksi quarter-life crisis hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil -,854 arah negatif artinya semakin tinggi problem focused coping mahasiswa maka semakin rendah quarter-life crisis mahasiswa. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengembangan strategi problem-focused coping dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam menghadapi quarter-life crisis dan meminimalisir dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan pemahaman tentang strategi coping yang efektif dalam mengatasi quarter-life crisis pada mahasiswa. Quarter-life crisis is a problem experienced by early adult students in their 20s. Students in their development are expected to be ready to face changes and challenges in the transition period to the world of work (Fadhilah et al., 2022; Widick et al., 1978) This study aims to determine the contribution of problem-focused coping to the level of quarter-life crisis in undergraduate students. end. Data were obtained from a sample of 40 students at the final level of data collection using a purposive sampling technique in the sports science study program. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire to measure problem-focused coping and quarter-life crisis. Data were analyzed using a correlation test with bivariate correlations technique. The results showed that problem-focused coping from the concept (Aldwin & Revenson, 1987) has a significant contribution in reducing quarter-life crises. This is evidenced by the negative direction of -.854, meaning that the higher the student's problem-focused coping, the lower the quarter-life. student crises. These findings indicate that the development of a problem-focused coping strategy can help students deal with quarter-life crises and minimize the negative impacts that arise. This research makes an important contribution in developing an understanding of effective coping strategies in dealing with quarter-life crises in college students